Publicaciones

@article{Rodríguez-Casariego2020,

title = {Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis reveals a conserved epigenetic response to seasonal environmental variation in the staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis.},

author = {Rodríguez-Casariego, J. A., Mercado-Molina, A. E., Garcia-Souto, D., Ortiz-Rivera, I. M., Lopes, C., Baums, I. B, Sabat, A.and Eirin-Lopez, J. M.},

editor = {Yong Wang, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering (CAS), China

Mikhail V. Matz, University of Texas at Austin, United States

Alexandre Fellous, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Germany},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.560424},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-30},

journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},

abstract = {Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation have been shown to participate in plastic responses to environmental change in a wide range of organisms, including scleractinian corals. Unfortunately, the current understanding of the links between environmental signals, epigenetic modifications, and the subsequent consequences for acclimatory phenotypic changes remain obscure. Such a knowledge gap extends also to the dynamic nature of epigenetic changes, hampering our ability to ascertain the magnitude and extent of these responses under natural conditions. The present work aims to shed light on these subjects by examining temporal changes in genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation in the staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis in the island of Culebra, PR. During a 17-month period, a total of 162 polymorphic loci were identified using Methylation-Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP). Among them, 83 of these restriction fragments displayed changes in DNA methylation that were significantly correlated to seasonal variation as determined mostly by changes in sea water temperature. Remarkably, the observed time-dependent variation in DNA methylation patterns is consistent across coral genets, coral source sites and site-specific conditions studied. Overall, these results are consistent with a conserved epigenetic response to seasonal environmental variation. These findings highlight the importance of including seasonal variability into experimental designs investigating the role of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation in responses to stress.},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, coral reefs, DNA methylation, epigenetics, MSAP, seasonality, staghorn coral, stress response, temperature},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{P.Ruiz-Diaz2019,

title = {A mathematical model of the interactions between Acropora cervicornis and its environment},

author = {Aniel Nieves-Gonzáleza; Claudia P.Ruiz-Diaz, Carlos Toledo-Hernández, Juan S.Ramírez-Lugo},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.04.004},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-08-24},

journal = {Ecological Modelling},

volume = {406},

pages = {7-22},

abstract = {Environmental factors associated with climate change such as increasing sea surface temperature (SST) and solar radiation (SR) have negatively impacted corals throughout their geographic ranges. One such coral, which has been seriously impacted by these stressors, is the staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis. To reduce the effects of such stressors, this coral utilizes fluorescent proteins (FPs) and melanin (M). These constitutive immune components quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during thermal stress and absorb or reflect potentially damaging light. The synthesis of these components are, nonetheless, energetically costly. Hence, production of these protective compounds may be traded-off against other vital functions such as growth. In this study we develop a mathematical model, viz., a system of ordinary differential equations that simulates the growth of A. cervicornis branches under different regimes and combinations of SST and SR. The model assumes that polyps are the functional unit of the coral and that the concentration of FPs and M are inversely proportional to SST and SR intensity. To develop the model we use empirical (birth and mortality rate of polyps and the maximum number of polyps per unit area) and theoretical parameters (concentration of FPs, M produced, and trade-offs with growth). The model simulates how changes in FPs and M due to environmental changes affect the growth capacity of A. cervicornis. The model as well as its stability analysis show that polyp growth is affected by SR and SST. Hence, the model will help in understanding how corals will respond to future changes in climate.},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, Caribbean Coral Reefs, coral reefs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Toledo-Hernández2018,

title = {Devastation of 15-year old Community-based Coral Farming and Reef-restoration Sites in Puerto Rico by Major Hurricanes Irma and María},

author = {Carlos Toledo-Hernández, Claudia P. Ruiz-Diaz, Edwin A. Hernández-Delgado, and Samuel E. Suleimán-Ramos},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-12-12},

journal = {Caribbean Naturalist},

number = {53},

pages = {1-6},

abstract = {Category-5 hurricanes Irma and María impacted the northeastern Caribbean in September 2017 with waves in excess of 10 m. Herein we provide the frst assessment of hurricane damage to community-based coral farming and reef restoration at several locations from Culebra Island, Puerto Rico. Hurricanes destroyed 75 coral farms, killing 11,074 Acropora cervicornis (Staghorn Coral) fragments. Likewise, over 9000 recently out-planted colonies as well as most of the coral species adjacent to the outplants perished when they were buried by sand and rubble or were dislodged as a result of hurricane-generated waves. Liagora spp. (marine red algae) and other red algae rapidly colonized coral rubble and openreef substrates, threatening surviving corals of multiple species at least for several weeks after hurricane impacts.},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, community-based ecological rehabilitation, coral reefs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mercado-Molina2018,

title = {Growth facilitation by the octocoral Gorgonia ventalina explains spatial difference in the population size structure of the common demosponge Ircinia felix},

author = {Alex E. Mercado-Molina, Fabiola Rivera-Irizarry, Jaime Fonseca-Miranda, & Yesenia Bruno-Laureano },

editor = {Paco Cárdenas},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17451000.2017.1367098},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2017.1367098},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-07},

journal = {Marine Biology Research  },

volume = {14, 2018},

number = {1},

pages = {41 - 51},

abstract = {In this study, the demography of the common demosponge Ircinia felix was examined at Tamarindo, a coral reef located in the island municipality of Culebra, Puerto Rico. A preliminary study comparing the size structure of two subpopulations within the reef, Tamarindo Norte (TN) and Tamarindo Sur (TS), indicated that sponges at TN are significantly larger than sponges at TS. This result served as a baseline for the present comparative study in which we aimed to determine whether the spatial differences in population size structure can be explained either by a difference in rates of survival, growth, or recruitment, or a combination of these. To accomplish our goal, we followed the growth, survival and recruitment of I. felix at the two localities for one year. Growth was the only demographic parameter that differed significantly between localities. Because the most obvious distinction between the study sites was the absence of the octocoral Gorgonia ventalina at TS, we hypothesized that the faster overall growth rate of sponges at TN was related to the presence of the octocoral. To test this hypothesis, we compared growth rates between sponges associated with the octocoral and those individuals not associated. We found that sponges growing near G. ventalina grew significantly faster than non-associated sponges. This result suggests that the octocoral facilitates the growth of I. felix and therefore may account, at least in part, for the spatial differences in population size structure.},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, Caribbean, Climate change, Coral Reef Decline, coral reefs, Corals, Land-Based Source Pollution, Marine Protected Areas, Puerto Rico, Reef Restoration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Otaño-Cruz2017,

title = {Effects of Changing Weather, Oceanographic Conditions, and Land Uses on Spatio-Temporal Variation of Sedimentation Dynamics along Near-Shore Coral Reefs},

author = {Abimarie Otaño-Cruz,

Alfredo A. Montañez-Acuña,

Valeria Torres-López,

 Elix M. Hernández-Figueroa,

Edwin A. Hernández-Delgado},

editor = {Sedimentation is a critical threat to coral reefs worldwide. Major land use alteration at steep, highly erodible semi-arid islands accelerates the potential of soil erosion, runoff, and sedimentation stress to nearshore coral reefs during extreme rainfall events. The goal of this study was to assess spatio-temporal variation of sedimentation dynamics across nearshore coral reefs as a function of land use patterns, weather and oceanographic dynamics, to identify marine ecosystem conservation strategies. Sediment was collected at a distance gradient from shore at Bahia Tamarindo (BTA) and Punta Soldado (PSO) coral reefs at Culebra Island, Puerto Rico. Sediment texture and composition were analyzed by dry sieving and loss-on-ignition techniques, and were contrasted with environmental variables for the research period (February 2014 to April 2015). Rainfall and oceanographic data were analyzed to address their potential role on affecting sediment distribution with BEST BIO-ENV, RELATE correlation, and linear regression analysis. A significant difference in sedimentation rate was observed by time and distance from shore (PERMANOVA, p < 0.0100), mostly attributed to higher sediment exposure at reef zones closer to shore due to strong relationships with coastal runoff. Sedimentation rate positively correlated with strong rainfall events (Rho = 0.301, p = 0.0400) associated with storms and rainfall intensity exceeding 15 mm/h. At BTA, sediment deposited were mostly composed of sand, suggesting a potential influence of resuspension produced by waves and swells. In contrast, PSO sediments were mostly composed of silt-clay and terrigenous material, mainly attributed to a deforestation event that occurred at adjacent steep sub-watershed during the study period. Spatial and temporal variation of sedimentation pulses and terrigenous sediment input implies that coral reefs exposure to sediment stress is determined by local land use patterns, weather, and oceanographic dynamics. Comprehensive understanding of sediment dynamics and coastal ecosystem interconnectivity is fundamental to implement integrated and adaptive management strategies aimed to promote sustainable development at watershed and island wide-scale to fully mitigate terrigenous sediment impact to marine ecosystems. Furthermore, decision-making processes and policy needs to address sedimentation stress in the context of future climate to reduce land-based threats and strengthen coral reef resilience.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00249},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-08-08},

journal = {Frontiers in  Marine Science},

volume = {4},

number = {249},

pages = {1-17},

abstract = {Sedimentation is a critical threat to coral reefs worldwide. Major land use alteration at steep, highly erodible semi-arid islands accelerates the potential of soil erosion, runoff, and sedimentation stress to nearshore coral reefs during extreme rainfall events. The goal of this study was to assess spatio-temporal variation of sedimentation dynamics across nearshore coral reefs as a function of land use patterns, weather and oceanographic dynamics, to identify marine ecosystem conservation strategies. Sediment was collected at a distance gradient from shore at Bahia Tamarindo (BTA) and Punta Soldado (PSO) coral reefs at Culebra Island, Puerto Rico. Sediment texture and composition were analyzed by dry sieving and loss-on-ignition techniques, and were contrasted with environmental variables for the research period (February 2014 to April 2015). Rainfall and oceanographic data were analyzed to address their potential role on affecting sediment distribution with BEST BIO-ENV, RELATE correlation, and linear regression analysis. A significant difference in sedimentation rate was observed by time and distance from shore (PERMANOVA, p < 0.0100), mostly attributed to higher sediment exposure at reef zones closer to shore due to strong relationships with coastal runoff. Sedimentation rate positively correlated with strong rainfall events (Rho = 0.301, p = 0.0400) associated with storms and rainfall intensity exceeding 15 mm/h. At BTA, sediment deposited were mostly composed of sand, suggesting a potential influence of resuspension produced by waves and swells. In contrast, PSO sediments were mostly composed of silt-clay and terrigenous material, mainly attributed to a deforestation event that occurred at adjacent steep sub-watershed during the study period. Spatial and temporal variation of sedimentation pulses and terrigenous sediment input implies that coral reefs exposure to sediment stress is determined by local land use patterns, weather, and oceanographic dynamics. Comprehensive understanding of sediment dynamics and coastal ecosystem interconnectivity is fundamental to implement integrated and adaptive management strategies aimed to promote sustainable development at watershed and island wide-scale to fully mitigate terrigenous sediment impact to marine ecosystems. Furthermore, decision-making processes and policy needs to address sedimentation stress in the context of future climate to reduce land-based threats and strengthen coral reef resilience.},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, coral reefs, Land-Based Source Pollution, Reef Restoration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mercado-Molina2016,

title = {Branching dynamics of transplanted colonies of the threatened coral Acropora cervicornis: Morphogenesis, complexity, and modeling},

author = {Alex E. Mercado-Molina, Claudia Patricia Ruiz-Diaz, Alberto M. Sabat},

doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.05.004},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-06-01},

journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},

volume = {482},

pages = {134-141},

abstract = {Acropora cervicornis is a threatened Caribbean coral that depends on branch fragmentation to proliferate. Understanding the patterns of branch formation is, therefore, essential for the development of management and conservation initiatives. This study describes branch morphogenesis in 100 colony fragments that were transplanted to two reefs in Puerto Rico that differ in light intensity. Four morphometric variables were measured for one year: internode length, branch growth rate, the number of ramifying branches (mother branches; MB), and the number of branches produced (daughter branches; DB). Branching complexity was also evaluated using two indices: the Horton-Strahler bifurcation ratio (Rb) and the Carrillo-Mendoza branching index (CM-BI). A simple discrete model was constructed to estimate the number of harvestable branches over time. No spatial difference was observed when comparing the development of the primary branches, as the mean internode lengths, the mean extension rates, and the mean number of branches produced did not differ statistically between sites. Likewise, internode lengths in secondary branches did not vary significantly between sites. In contrast, the mean branching and growth rates of secondary branches differed statistically between the two study locations. Significant spatial differences were also observed when comparing the total number of MB and the total number of DB but not for the ratio of DB to MB. The CM-BI was more appropriate than the Rb in describing the branching structure of A. cervicornis. The model provided a good fit to the observed branching dynamics; demonstrating its usefulness as a tool for predicting branch productivity of this species. The implications for restoration activities are discussed.},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, Reef Restoration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mercado-Molina2015b,

title = {Demography of the threatened coral Acropora cervicornis: implications for its management and conservation},

author = {Alex E. Mercado-Molina, Claudia P. Ruiz-Diaz, Marıa E. Perez, Ruber Rodrıguez-Barreras, Alberto M. Sabat},

doi = {DOI 10.1007/s00338-015-1341-8},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-12-02},

journal = {Coral Reefs},

volume = {34},

number = {4},

pages = {1113-1124},

abstract = {Populations of Acropora cervicornis have collapsed throughout the Caribbean. This situation has prompted the initiation of many restoration efforts; yet, there are insufficient demographic data and analyses to effectively guide these initiatives. In this study, we assessed the spatiotemporal variability of A. cervicornis vital rates. We also developed a population matrix model to (1) evaluate the risk of population extinction, (2) estimate population growth rates considering different rates of colony fragmentation and fragment survival, (3) determine the demographic transition(s) that contribute the most to spatiotemporal differences in growth rates , and (4) analyze the effectiveness of outplanting coral fragments of different sizes.Themodel was parameterized by following the fate of 300 colonies from 2011 to 2013 at two localities in Puerto Rico. Demographic transitions varied spatiotemporally, with a significant interaction between location and time period on colony fate. Spatiotemporal variations in growth rates were also observed. During the first year, populations exhibited growth rates below equilibrium (0.918 and 0.948), followed by a dramatic decline at both sites (0.535 and 0.709) during the second year. The lower growth rates were caused by a decrease in the probability of stasis of large-sized colonies coupled with the lack of sexual recruits and a meager contribution of asexual recruitment. Spatial variations in growth rates were largely due to differences in the probability of medium-sized colonies advancing to the largest size class. The viability analysis forecasts that the populations will reach quasi-extinction levels of 25% of the initial population size in less than 16 yrs. Numerical simulations indicate that outplanting fragments larger than 250 cm in total linear length (TLL) would result in a higher asymptotic population size than outplanting smaller fragments. We argue, however, that transplanting colonies less than 100 cm TLL will be a better management strategy because they can be produced faster and in higher numbers at coral nurseries.},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, coral reefs, Reef Restoration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Torres-Pérez2015,

title = {Relative Pigment Composition and Remote Sensing Reflectance of Caribbean ShallowWater Corals},

author = {Juan L. Torres-Pérez, Liane S. Guild, Roy A. Armstrong, Jorge Corredor4, Anabella Zuluaga-Montero, Ramón Polanco},

doi = {DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0143709},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-11-30},

journal = {PlosONE},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, coral reefs, pigment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mercado-Molina2015,

title = {Demographics and dynamics of two restored populations of the threatened reef-building coral Acropora cervicornis},

author = {Alex E. Mercado-Molina, Claudia P. Ruiz-Diaz, and Alberto M. Sabat},

url = {https://www.sampr.org/sam/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Mercado-Molina-et-al.-2015.pdf},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-09},

journal = {Journal for Nature Conservation },

volume = {24},

pages = {17-23},

abstract = {Acropora cervicornis is one of the principal reef-building organisms in the Caribbean; it is also considered one of the most threatened coral species. Due to its ecological importance and critical status it is the focus of many restoration and management initiatives. However, studies that quantitatively measure the efficacy or feasibility of these efforts are mostly lacking. In this study, nursery-reared fragments ofA. cervicornis were transplanted to two reefs in Puerto Rico as part of a reef rehabilitation program, andtheir survival, growth, and branch production were measured for a year. We also evaluated the effect ofthis restoration on the dynamics and viability of the fragment populations by means of a simple model.Survival of outplanted fragments surpassed 60%. Colony growth rate varied between 0.20 ± 0.18 and0.29 ± 0.21 cm d−1(mean ± SD) whereas branch production ranged between 7.02 ± 5.72 and 11.86 ± 7.06(mean ± SD) branches per fragment per year. Survival did not vary considerably with respect to fragmentsize. In contrast, large fragments (≥25 cm) grew faster and tended to produce more branches than smallerones. Model simulations indicate that (1) in the absence of recruitment, and without any subsequenthuman intervention, restored populations will decrease below a quasi-extinction level of 25% of theinitial population size after just 3 years and (2) transplanting at least 20 colony fragments per year (12%of initial population) is sufficient to keep the restored populations above the 25% threshold. We conclude that A. cervicornis may be a feasible species for restoration projects given sustained human intervention and that transplanting fragments of at least 25 cm to reefs is an effective restoration protocol that requires minimum effort to maintain a viable restored population of this key reef-building coral.},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, coral reefs, Coral transplantation, Fragment stabilization, Reef Restoration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hernández-Delgado2015,

title = {Community-Based Coral Reef Rehabilitation in a Changing Climate: Lessons Learned from Hurricanes, Extreme Rainfall, and Changing Land Use Impacts},

author = {Edwin A. Hernández-Delgado, Alex E. Mercado-Molina, Pedro J. Alejandro-Camis,

Frances Candelas-Sánchez, Jaime S. Fonseca-Miranda, Carmen M. González-Ramos,

Roger Guzmán-Rodríguez, Pascal Mège, Alfredo A. Montañez-Acuña,

Iván Olivo Maldonado, Abimarie Otaño-Cruz, Samuel E. Suleimán-Ramos},

url = {https://www.sampr.org/sam/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Hernandez-Delgado-et-al.-20141.pdf},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-10-11},

journal = {Open Journal of Ecology},

volume = { 4},

pages = {918-944},

abstract = {Coral reefs have largely declined across multiple spatial scales due to a combination of local-scale

anthropogenic impacts, and due to regional-global climate change. This has resulted in a significant

loss of entire coral functional groups, including western Atlantic Staghorn coral (Acropora

cervicornis) biotopes, and in a net decline of coral reef ecosystem resilience, ecological functions,

services and benefits. Low-tech coral farming has become one of the most important tools to help

restore depleted coral reefs across the Wider Caribbean Region. We tested a community-based,

low-tech coral farming approach in Culebra Island, Puerto Rico, aimed at adapting to climate

change-related impacts through a two-year project to propagate A. cervicornis under two contrasting

fishing management conditions, in coastal areas experimenting significant land use

changes. Extreme rainfall events and recurrent tropical storms and hurricanes had major site- and

method-specific impacts on project outcome, particularly in areas adjacent to deforested lands

and subjected to recurrent impacts from land-based source pollution (LBSP) and runoff. Overall,

coral survival rate in “A frame” units improved from 73% during 2011-2012 to 81% during

2012-2013. Coral survival rate improved to 97% in horizontal line nurseries (HLN) incorporated during 2012-2013. Percent tissue cover ranged from 86% to 91% in “A frames”, but reached 98%

in HLN. Mean coral skeletal extension was 27 cm/y in “A frames” and 40 cm/y in HLN. These

growth rates were up to 545% to 857% faster than previous reports from coral farms from other

parts of the Caribbean, and up to 438% faster than wild colonies. Branch production and branchiness

index (no. harvestable branches > 6 cm) increased by several orders of magnitude in comparison

to the original colonies at the beginning of the project. Coral mortality was associated to

hurricane physical impacts and sediment-laden runoff impacts associated to extreme rainfall and

deforestation of adjacent lands. This raises a challenging question regarding the impact of chronic

high sea surface temperature (SST), in combination with recurrent high nutrient pulses, in fostering

increased coral growth at the expense of coral physiological conditions which may compromise

corals resistance to disturbance. Achieving successful local management of reefs and adjacent

lands is vital to maintain the sustained net production in coral farms and of reef structure,

and the provision of the important ecosystem services that they provide. These measures are vital

for buying time for reefs while global action on climate change is implemented. Adaptive community-

based strategies are critical to strengthen institutional management efforts. But government

agencies need to transparently build local trust, empower local stakeholders, and foster

co-management to be fully successful. Failing to achieve that could make community-based coral

reef rehabilitation more challenging, and could potentially drive rapidly declining, transient coral

reefs into the slippery slope to slime.},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, Reef Restoration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mercado-Molina2014b,

title = {Survival, growth, and branch production of unattached fragments of the threatened hermatypic coral Acropora cervicornis},

author = {Alex E. Mercado-Molina, Claudia Patricia Ruiz-Diaz, and Alberto M. Sabat},

url = {https://www.sampr.org/sam/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Mercado-Molina-et-al-2014.pdf},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-03-04},

journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},

volume = {457},

pages = {215-219},

abstract = {Fragmentation has been regarded as the most important reproductive strategy in the threatened reef building coral Acropora cervicornis. Before the Caribbean-wide collapse experienced by A. cervicornis, asexual reproduction may have served as an effective source of newcolonies to sustain and/or enhance local population growth. However, baseline information on the demographic success of fragments in nature is limited, hampering our ability to estimate the real contribution of asexual fragmentation to current population growth. In this study, natural occurring fragments of A. cervicornis were monitored for 18 months at two sites in Puerto Rico in order to quantify

their survival, growth, and branching dynamics. Fragment survivorship did not exceed 26%, growth rates were relatively low with mean values ranging between 0.0242 ± 0.0168 (SE) and 0.0906 ± 0.0301 (SE) cm d−1, and fragments barely produced new branches. No significant differences were found when comparing these demographic traits for different size categories. The relative low rates of survival, growth and branch production of natural fragments suggest that asexual fragmentation may not currently be a significant source of recruits for populations of this threatened coral.},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, Asexual reproduction, Coral fragments, coral reefs, Fragment reattachment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hernández-Delgado2014b,

title = {E.S.A. CORAL SPECIES LISTING: A ROADBLOCK TO COMMUNITY-BASED ENGAGEMENT IN CORAL REEF CONSERVATION AND REHABILITATION ACROSS THE U.S. CARIBBEAN?},

author = {Edwin A. Hernández-Delgado and Samuel E. Suleimán-Ramos },

url = {https://www.sampr.org/sam/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Hernandez-Suleiman-2014-ESA-coral-listing-roadblock.pdf},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-02-27},

volume = {29 },

number = { 1},

pages = {11-15},

keywords = {Acropora cervicornis, CORAL SPECIES LISTING, Reef Restoration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}